Growth of LGBT Images in Popular Culture

Development of LGBT Images in Popular Culture Late years have seen an expansion of pictures of LGBT individuals in mainstream society. Talk about this development in perceivability regarding strange hypothesis. As of late we have seen an expansion of pictures of lesbian, gay, indiscriminate and transgendered individuals (LGBT) in mainstream society. A sign of why this has happened can be found in the recorded setting from which current homo-feasibility emerged. Moreover I will take a gander at how this expanded homo-perceivability has tested heteronormativity along these lines delivering social changes through aggregate social activity and development, besides I will take a gander at instances of LGBT pictures in TV and film and gay portrayal. In the wake of mapping transforms I consider the constructive and contrary ramifications related with the expansion in pictures of LGBT individuals in mainstream society and the impacts of present day homo-visual portrayals regarding Queer Theory. In the wake of mapping transforms I consider whether Queer Theory offers a satisfactory record of changes or whether [other theories] give a progressively exhaustive examination of why these improvements happened and whether they clarify the positive and negative ramifications of the expansion of perceivability. Cultural perspectives towards same-sex connections fluctuate after some time and spot; as indicated by constructionists the implications of sexual acts are verifiably, socially and logically explicit. This is exhibited while watching verifiable social changes in sexual direction. Constructionists hold that sexual direction is liquid and dynamic, and that sexuality is developed by social factors and impacted by social changes. In some old social orders sexual direction was not exposed to the twofold imperatives that are utilized to characterize arrange and isolate those of contrast in later occasions, hence sexuality was questionable. Generally we have seen the guideline of sexual direction through formal cultural controls authorized through law and legal components, showed truly by the homosexuality laws disallowed homosexuality and made a capital offense in Britain in 1810. Indeed, even today homosexuality is illicit and deserving of death in certain nations. This paper will take a gander at western social orders and the chronicled setting wherein acknowledgment of LGBT has gotten evident. In present day western societies, gay and lesbian individuals have been exposed to visit preference and segregation. This abuse frequently caused LGBT individuals to curb their actual personalities and sexual inclination. 1973 was a significant year for the LGBT people group as the American Psychiatric Association expelled from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders their meaning of homosexuality. Therefore homosexuality was no longer classed as a clinical mental issue as something anomalous that required clinical treatment. Gay acts were decriminalized in the Western world by the 1970s yet it was not until the mid-1970s that the LGBT people group got obvious as a result of dynamic dissent to increase social acknowledgment, which was indispensable for the minority to battle for their social equality. The Stonewall Riots in 1969 added to the expansion in LGBT perceivability. The Stonewall Riots were a progression of rough clashes between the LGBT people group and New York City cops. These uproars kept going a few days and were focused at the Stonewall Inn New York. These uproars were generally perceived at the impetus for the cutting edge development towards LGBT rights at no other time have the LGBT people group acted all things considered to coercively oppose police badgering. The dissident developments of the 1960s and 70s propelled occasions, for example, pride marches and dyke walks, it likewise made huge quantities of gay men and lesbians challenge suppression, police capture, and different types of separation. Howvever this was changed by the AIDS pandemic that struck the gay network so devastatingly during the 1980s. The AIDS plague influenced the two heteros and gay people; anyway it was to a great extent depicted in media portrayals and pubic circles as a gay sickness and endeavors were made by homophobes to limit media portrayals of homosexuality, the main portrayals of the LGBT people group were pessimistic and strengthened this adverse disgrace. Due to the homophobic past LGBT people were especially helpless against the AIDS infection. Because of lacking training LGBT people were not as mindful of the safeguards required for safe sex in same-sex relations, and because of homo-imperceptibility just hetero safe-sex guidance and instruction was accessible in schools. In any case, this horrendous pandemic provided the LGBT people group with an open voice, expanding open perceivability. Through aggregate activity they battled against this segregation and sorted out crusades to advance endeavors in AIDS training, anticipation, investigate, quiet help, and network outreach. One significant persuasive figure in AIDS activism through craftsmanship is American pioneer Gran Fury. He framed a gay lobbyist bunch rang ACT (AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power) This gathering meant to advise an expansive open and incite direct activity to end the AIDS emergency. His works incorporate, the road traversing pennant reporting that All individuals w ith AIDS are honest, The assemblages picture of three interracial gay and hetero couples kissing over the inscription Kissing Doesnt Kill: Greed and Indifference Do Notwithstanding crafted by Gran Fury, caused a few other noteworthy open undertakings to emerge because of the AIDS emergency including SILENCE=DEATH Project and the Red Ribbon Project. This aggregate exertion changed the AIDS plague from a disorder that many were hesitant to talk going to a subject that could be brought thoughtfully up in mainstream news magazines and on TV programs. Old generalizations supposedly was wrong and, while much inclusion of the scourge was homophobic, some numbness was dissipated and therefore, AIDS mindfulness has now spread into the standard, making its own circle of network based associations, magnanimous organizations, and even magazines for the individuals who are HIV-positive. During the 1980s and 1990s the LGBT people group increased some legitimate security and open acknowledgment exhaustive aggregate activity and dissent. Laws decriminalizing gay conduct and denying segregation in business, lodging, and administrations were presented. These were all positive accomplishments fundamental for the LGBT fight for correspondence and social acknowledgment; nonetheless, because of the expansion in open perceivability the LGBT people group were influenced by expanded homophobia; LGBT people were survivors of servere separation and loathe violations. Coming out still included mental fortitude, demonstrating that negative ramifications of expanded perceivability continued. Generally LGBT have needed to confront numerous battles so as to get noticeable yet because of aggregate activity of the LGBT people group, anyway their battles have had both constructive and antagonistic outcomes, today the gay network are obvious out in the open, political spaces, this expanded perceivability has permitted the gay network to communicate their gay culture through gay prides, rainbow banners, LGBT occasions and increasing expanded perceivability in numerous territories of visual mainstream society including, magazines film, music and TV The predominance of LGBT portrayals in true to life workmanship and media portrayals winning in western culture has had positive commitments in testing the strength of heteronormativity through the expanding familiarity with LGBT people group. Lesbian, gay, indiscriminate and transgender people have been have been gradually picking up acknowledgment by through aggregate activity they have tested and helped reconfigure ideas of what had been impulsive standardizing gay portrayals. This test has changed people groups impression of classifications of distinction (manliness and womanliness) and (homosexuality and heterosexuality). Anyway not every gay portrayal are a positive, a few media portrayal of LGBT people are mutilated generalizations. Run of the mill media portrayals depictions of gay men are at times negative, gay men are depicted as sick from helps as showed by the media portrayals of Freddy Mercury Feminine These types of generalizations can cause negative ramifications for youthful gay men since they could consider these to be as a perfect kind. Lesbians are frequently depicted in the media as butch man haters, or over feminized â€Å"lip-stick lesbians† these portrayals comparably to gay men are generalizations and does normally not have any significant bearing to all lesbians. Dubiously lesbian visual portrayals are normally an anecdotal record mutilated through a heteronormative focal point of hetero guys and industrialists personal circumstance this is shown in the image beneath The force and strength of heteronormative beliefs has made numerous past gay and lesbian film on-screen characters want to cover their actual sexual character. Some vibe they have to comply with heteronormative goals so as to satisfy the dreams of the hetero standard crowd. Numerous gay on-screen characters wish to remain closeted, for instance Rock Hudson said he would prefer to bite the dust before fans found he was gay he even deluded magazines by presenting with charming female stars. In 1985 that Hudson had AIDS, and a concise darling freely outed him to the media. For most film stars open homosexuality, or even bits of gossip about homosexuality, could end their vocations. In this way, it isn't amazing that some gay and lesbian entertainers camouflage their sexuality. Anyway contemporary present day western social orders we are gradually observing changes in cultural height, because of the divided idea of current cultural structure individuals no longer offer basic standards and qualities, this is because of the separate of social solidarity, this has made individuals battle the prohibitive idea of heteronormativi

Definition and Examples of Parallelism in Grammar

Definition and Examples of Parallelism in Grammar In Englishâ grammar, parallelism is the closeness of structure in a couple or arrangement of related words, expressions, or conditions. Likewise called equal structure, combined development, andâ isocolon. By show, things in an arrangement show up in equal syntactic structure: a thing is recorded with different things, a - ing structure with other - ing structures, etc. Kirszner and Mandell call attention to that parallelism includes solidarity, parity, and soundness to your composition. Viable parallelism makes sentences simple to follow and stresses connections among proportional thoughts (The Concise Wadsworth Handbook,â 2014). In conventional language structure, inability to orchestrate related things in equal syntactic structure is called flawed parallelism.â Derivation From the Greek, next to each other Models and Observations Purchase a pail of chicken and have a barrel of fun.(Slogan of Kentucky Fried Chicken)How vain it is to plunk down to compose when you have not confronted live!(Henry David Thoreau, A Year in Thoreaus Journal: 1851)The misfortune we felt was not the loss of ham but rather the loss of pig.(E. B. White, Death of a Pig. The Atlantic, January 1948)When you are correct you can't be excessively radical; when you are incorrect, you can't be too conservative.(Martin Luther King, Jr., Why We Cant Wait. Seal, 1964)Immature artists mimic; develop artists steal.(T.S. Eliot, Philip Massinger, 1920)It took a man like Madiba to free the detainee, yet the guard too; to show that you should believe others so they may confide in you; to train that compromise doesn't involve overlooking a barbarous past, however a methods for defying it with consideration and liberality and truth. He changed laws, yet he additionally changed hearts.(President Barack Obama, discourse at the commemoration administration for previous South African president Nelson Mandela, December 10, 2013) After a couple of miles, we drove off a cliff.It wasn’t a major bluff. It was uniquely around four feet high. In any case, it was sufficient to victory the front tire, knock off the back guard, break Dad’s glasses, make Aunt Edythe let out her dentures, spill a container of Kool-Aid, knock Missy’s head, spread the Auto Bingo pieces all finished, and cause Mark to do number two.(John Hughes, Vacation 58. National Lampoon, 1980)New streets; new ruts.(Attributed to G. K. Chesterton)Hes a significant man with the young ladies. They state hes shut the eyes of numerous a man and opened the eyes of numerous a woman.(Telegraph administrator to Penny Worth in Angel and the Badman, 1947)They are snickering at me, not with me.(Bart Simpson, The Simpsons)Voltaire could both lick boots and put the boot in. He was without a moment's delay shark and brave, clever and earnest. He oversaw, effortlessly, to accommodate love of opportunity with adoration for hours.(Attributed to Do minique Eddà ©)Truth isn't an eating routine yet a condiment.(Attributed to Christopher Morley) A portion of the individuals said that the elephant had gone one way, some said that he had gone in another, some declared not even to have known about any elephant.(George Orwell, Shooting An Elephant. New Writing, 1936)Our transportation emergency will be fathomed by a greater plane or a more extensive street, psychological maladjustment with a pill, destitution with a law, ghettos with a piece of machinery, urban clash with a gas, bigotry with an altruism gesture.(Philip Slater, The Pursuit of Loneliness. Houghton Mifflin, 1971)Unlike authors and dramatists, who hide off camera while diverting our consideration with the manikin show of nonexistent characters, in contrast to researchers and writers, who quote the assessments of others and haven behind the supports of lack of bias, the writer has no place to hide.(Scott Russell Sanders, The Singular First Person. The Sewanee Review, Fall 1998)O well for the fishermans boy,That he yells with his sister at play!O well for the marine r lad,That he sings in his vessel on the bay!(Alfred Lord Tennyson, Break, Break, Break, 1842) [Todays students] can place dope in their veins or expectation in their cerebrums. . . . In the event that they can consider it and trust it, they can accomplish it. They should realize it isn't their bent yet their mentality that will decide their altitude.(Rev. Jesse Jackson, cited by Ashton Applewhite et al. in And I Quote, fire up. ed. Thomas Dunne, 2003) Impacts Created by Parallelism [T]he estimation of equal structure goes past style. . . . It face up the structure of the sentence, demonstrating perusers what goes with what and keeping them on the privilege track.(Claire K. Cook, Line by Line. Houghton Mifflin, 1985) A few investigations have demonstrated that in conjoined structures, even without ellipsis, parallelism of numerous sorts is useful to the processor,â in that the second conjunct is easierâ to process on the off chance that it is corresponding to the first somehow or another . . ..(Katy Carlson, Parallelism and Prosody in the Processing of Ellipsis Sentences. Routledge, 2002) Parallelism can possibly make beat, accentuation, and dramatization as it plainly presents thoughts or activity. Consider this long, effortless (and clever) sentence that starts a magazine article on tennis shoes: Quite a while back before shoe organizations had the promoting clout to burn through a huge number of dollars supporting broadcasts of the Super Bowl; before road groups recognized themselves by the shade of their Adidas; before North Carolina States ball players discovered they could raise some additional money by auctioning the complimentary gift Nikes off their feet; and before a tennis shoes exceptionally bottom had been gelatinized, Energaired, Hexalited, torsioned and infused with pressurized gas-tennis shoes were, well, sneakers.[E.M. Quick, Farewell, My Lovely. Sports Illustrated, February 19, 1990] First note the undeniable parallelism of four conditions starting with the word previously and continuing with comparative syntactic examples. At that point note the equal rundown of shoe qualities: gelatinized, Energaired, etc. This is composing with flair. It moves. It nearly makes you keen on tennis shoes! Obviously you saw the decent piece of word play-the tennis shoes very sole.(Lauren Kessler and Duncan McDonald, When Words Collide: A Media Writers Guide to Grammar and Style, seventh ed. Thomson Learning, 2008) Articulation: PAR-a-lell-izm

How to Celebrate Even the Biggest Mistakes!

How to Celebrate Even the Biggest Mistakes! Big Mistakes in Big Companies In a famous 2010 tale, Zappos’ CEO Tony Hsieh chose not to fire an employee who had made a $1.6 million mistake. In another story, a CEO actually thanked the IT guy who caused the company’s site to go down (causing a loss of thousands of dollars per hour) for uncovering a systematic weakness that needed to be fixed. See Top 5 Reasons to Celebrate Mistakes at Work. My Blog Mistake I did not know these anecdotes until I sat down to write this blog about mistakes. Last week, as many of you are aware, I wrote a draft of my blog and sent it to my assistant with a request that she come up with an appropriate title for the article. She offered six suggestions, with her top pick being “3 Trends Effecting LinkedIn That You Need to Know.” I wrote back the following: I chose #3 [3 Ways LinkedIn Times are a Changin’] and updated the title on WordPress. Note it would be Affecting not Effecting!! The next thing I knew, the blog had gone out to my e-list with the original subject line, the word “Effecting” intact. Oops. The emails rolled in: I noticed a spelling mistake in your subject title. It should read 3 Trends Affecting LinkedIn…. I see this error a lot, but thought you might want to make a note of it. It should be 3 trends AFFECTING Did you use effecting rather than affecting on purpose? Living “Above the Line” My first response was “This is bad.” I mean, here I was, a writer and editor, making an error that I’ve actually blogged about in the past! See Top 7 Grammatical and Spelling Errors of 2012. But as I aim to do in my life, I looked at where the opportunity was in the face of this breakdown. I’ve taken plenty of personal growth courses where we are coached to say things like “Yay! I made a mistake!” So how could I, dare I say, celebrate this initially embarrassing mistake in my blog title? I issued a correction as soon as possible, thanking my readers for their eagle eyes and explaining what had happened. I did my best to convey an understanding that mistakes happen, and that I probably need another round of editorial proofing before sending out my blog. One message from a reader confirmed I had done the right thing: Love the graceful save you did on this you got it goin on, as they say, girl. Always a fan. When I can ever get a moment I want to work with you to update my LI profile! In the grand scheme of things, this was a small mistake. While I feared I might lose clients over it, since people count on me to know English grammar and spelling, I hope my correction set the record straight. No one was injured or taken advantage of as a result of this mistake. Celebrating Mistakes! Mistakes are the way we learn most in life. Looking back, I can see that my mistake last week was a testament to my ability to trust another person to do work for me! It would not have happened if I had not expanded my business to the point where I need an assistant. The mistake also showed me that many of my readers care and are paying attention. And I was given the opportunity to “play above the line,” issuing a correction that was gracious and non-blaming. I got to show my commitment to quality, and that I was unwilling to let something like this error go unaddressed! I recently spoke with someone who told me about a $250K mistake she once made at work. When she went to her boss expecting to be fired, she had another thing coming. He appreciated her honesty and let the monetary loss roll off his back. As he said, he could always make another $250K, but he would not be able to get her back. That’s how I feel about what happened with my assistant. I wouldn’t let this one mistake color my undying appreciation of what she does for me and how responsible she is when she does make a mistake! In fact, in the midst of writing this blog, I took a break to apologize to her for my initial “This is bad” response. I have a lot to learn about celebrating my own mistakes and the mistakes of the people around me. And I’d love to hear what you have learned in your life! How have you celebrated mistakes? How could you or someone around you have done better in their response to a mistake? I look forward to hearing what you have to share!

Outline The Principles Of System Analysis - 1619 Words

Outline the principles of system analysis Need for Growth The drivers are need for advance and many businesses need to expand into new markets they develop new products and also increase their turnover and profits for them to do this they have` to plan effectively and they often will have to incorporates system analysis. Need to increase productivity The sales may have improved but there is also a need to improve capacity, also the activity of the competitors may require that the company their ability to respond The more employers that are working on the system means that it may slow it down or cause an expansion in terms of physical space of multiple sites Reduce costs To reduce the costs they need to be more efficient and improve the turnover ratio especially in times of economic recession A company may need to makes their systems less labour intensive or costly they can do this by saving money. Developmental tools They are things like data flow diagrams and activity diagrams What are data flow diagrams? A data flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical symbol of the flow of data through an information system What are activity diagrams? An activity diagram is graphical representation of workflows They can be used to describe the business and operational step by step workflows of components in a system; an activity diagram shows the overall flow of control in a system Techniques of systems analysis How to gather all the information, you could do surveys or interviews in order toShow MoreRelatedP1 : Outline The Principles Of Systems Analysis1906 Words   |  8 PagesP1 – Outline the principles of systems analysis 2 P2 – Illustrate the stages of a development life cycle 3 P3 - Explain the benefits of structured analysis 4 M1 - Discuss the most appropriate uses of different development lifecycle models 5 â€Æ' P1 – Outline the principles of systems analysis System Analysis is the study where detailed information about the components and requirements of a system, the information needs of an organisation, the characteristics and current components of the systems andRead MoreApplied Behavioral Analysis993 Words   |  4 PagesApplied Behavioral Analysis Applied Behavioral Analysis Introduction Behavior Analysis emphasizes on the values and principles that explain the process of learning through the development of human beings. Behavior analysis represents scientific approach that understands behavior within the context of occurrence. One of the principles of how learning occurs is positive reinforcement. In the process of implementing reward after behavior, there is a possibility of repetition of the action in theRead MoreAnalysis Of Corporate Governance Disclosure Practices Of Listed Companies1000 Words   |  4 Pagesmanagement, while protecting the interest of its stakeholders comprising of the shareholders, creditors, regulators and the public at large. But the implementation of Corporate Governance principles is not an easy task. It is a very wide subject and needs a lot of discussion. The purpose of this study is to analysis corporate governance disclosures practices of listed Companies. As a medium for communicating information, annual reports generally include two types of disclosures - mandatory and voluntaryRead MoreHealth Body1149 Words   |  5 PagesY Information security management system/vlt2-task2 Student Name University Affiliation Information security management system/vlt2-task2 Health Body Wellness Centre (HBWC) is a health facility that sponsors and encourages medical evaluation, research and dissemination of information among health care experts. At HBWC, the department of Office Grants Giveaway is mandated with to distribute medical grants that are supported by the federal government. The Office of Grants and Giveaways achievesRead MoreImplementation Of A Project Plan1615 Words   |  7 Pagesthe next step in the project process is to develop a plan. A project plan provides a strategy in which an endeavor will progress and outlines the complete events essential to complete a project. The process also presents an outline for monitoring functions and milestones to track progress. A high level project plan must be developed in order to effectively outline the necessary activities, monitoring, and strategy in order for a project to be successful Efficiency The hospital listed in the scenarioRead MoreQuestions On Project Management Office Essay952 Words   |  4 Pages What is this course about? This 4-week focused course in Project Management Office designed for those seeking to gain practical, hands-on project management office skills. It will cover the basic principles of project management, including getting started; project planning and risk analysis; as well as provide practical training in the use of MS project, Excel beginner to intermediate level and MS PowerPoint. The course is unique because it focuses on learning project management office by â€Å"doing†Read MoreSecure Coding : Software Engineering Essay1014 Words   |  5 Pagesassurance. To match the prospective potential needs of secured code, threats associated with the information security and all favourable circumstances of risks have to be bounded by security i.e., it must be ‘baked-in’ with the entire lifecycle of system or software development. INTRODUCTION World is totally moving in fast pace with the inventions of applications or software using new and advanced technologies every day. Despite these rapid developments, emerging software is liable to security risksRead MoreBasic Accounting Syllabus1024 Words   |  5 Pagessteps and techniques used. The material covered will also include coverage of the principles and procedures of the accounting cycle for a sole proprietorship and merchandising organizations. General-purpose financial statements will be reviewed, including the Income Statement, Statement of Equity, Balance Sheet, Statement of Cash Flow, and Bank reconciliation. Other topics such as depreciation, inventory, and ratio analysis will be covered. D. Credit Units: 3 Units E. Pre-requisite: None Read MoreQuality Control Of Design Changes787 Words   |  4 Pageswith configuration. As indicated by the strict variety system, this just can be finished under the reason of common assent. For the scene change requires the gatherings to authorize agents with expert foundation and learning, who ought to decide the change obligation and issue building change notice, and so forth. It needs broad chief or configuration executive sign before they can keep on designing change if there is no site agent. Real outline change implies some compelling viewpoints for mechanicalRead MoreThe Prison System Is Not Functioning Well869 Words   |  4 PagesIt has long been apparent that the UK’s current prison system is not functioning well. Although the HM Prison Service outline their purpose as ‘we keep those sentenced to prison in custody, helping them lead law-abiding and useful lives, both while they are in prison and after they are released’ (Go v.uk, 2016), currently nearly half of all prisoners go on to re-offend within a year, which costs society  £15 billion a year (Ministry of Justice, 2016). In addition, last summer, the Chief Inspector of

The Success of the Welfare State Essay - 883 Words

The Success of the Welfare State The Welfare State is a system set up in Britain that takes care of its citizens from the cradle to the grave. From the day they are born in the hospital to the day they are buried and given a funeral service. This includes responsibilities such as health, education, provision of services and benefits, which ensure that people are looked after and taken care of. In Britain, the Welfare State was set up as a safety net to protect the most vulnerable members of society (widows, pensioners, children etc) and to guarantee them a satisfactory level of income, health care, education and housing. Almost 60 years after it was first established, many sociologists are†¦show more content†¦This is very good news and would not have been if it was not for the Welfare State. It is very relaxing to think that we do not have to worry about money when we are injured or become ill because it is free and so this has had many beneficial effects. People are healthier so they live for longer. T his means they have more time to spend with their family and can grow old with their loved ones. Lower infant mortality means that les babies are dying each year. This prevents a lot of heartache. People wont also resent their children when they are born due to financial problems because they will be paid child benefits and other forms of help is there for them. This can reduce abortion and unwanted babies. In addition, we get free education thanks to the Welfare State. This means that more people will be admitted to schools and which increases chances of them leaving school with qualifications and getting a good job. It takes care of unemployment problems so the future is also brighter for future generations and we can be rest assured that the Cycle of Deprivation will not be activated. More and more people have been given the opportunity to train for a job so this also takes care of unemployment problems. On the contrary, there are also many signs to shows that the Welfare State has not been successful. The welfare state provides neither sufficientShow MoreRelatedEssay about Federal Welfare Reform1651 Words   |  7 PagesFederal Welfare Reform: A Critical Perspective Abstract: This project will examine â€Å"welfare reform,† which was signified by the signing of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act (PRWOA) in 1996. PRWOA replaced the original welfare act of 1935, titled Aid to Dependent Children (later changed to Aid to Families with Dependent Children), with the program Temporary Assistance to needy Families (TANF). Under PRWOA, TANF was instated as a system of block grants allocated to states to implementRead MoreInequality and Redistribution1384 Words   |  5 PagesInequality and Redistribution Income inequality in America is higher than in any other industrial nation in the world. Many believe this creates serious problems for both United States citizens and its economy. The inequality difference is continually getting larger and worsening these problems. Over the past three decades America’s economy has seen continuous growth; but this is accompanied with no increase in purchasing power for poor and middle class citizens. On the other hand, incomes ofRead MoreSocial Welfare : The Protestant Work Ethic And The Spirit Of Capitalism995 Words   |  4 Pages In this essay I will analyse the issue of social welfare, referencing Weber’s Protestant Work Ethic and Foucault’s analysis of power structures and the welfare state. The support systems in place to ensure that the poorest and most vulnerable members of society are able to survive have been the subject of increasing scrutinisation and hostility as we have entered the 21st Century. This hostility to social welfare can be seen in the intense backlash against the Affordable Care Act in America, andRead MoreChild Welfare And The Foster Care System Essay1623 Words   |  7 Pagesa series of successful reforms, began with that year s Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act, dramatically decreased the number of children in foster care. But in the early 1990s, with the advent of crack cocaine and an economic recession numbers went back up. Child welfare advocates say the foster care system is in need of changes so that children spend less time in foster placements Americaâ⠂¬â„¢s child welfare systems needs an improvement. Some children in care will be separated from their siblingsRead MoreWelfare Reform Essays584 Words   |  3 PagesWelfare Reform Under the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA), Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) replaced AFDC, ending some Federal responsibility to welfare assistance. States operate their own programs; determine eligibility services to be provided to needy families, within Federal guidelines. The Federal government cannot regulate the conduct of states except to a few requirements, and states have a wide latitude in administering the programRead MoreEffects Of The 1996 Welfare Reform Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pageseffects of the 1996 welfare reform bill helped declined caseloads on the social and economic well-being of fragile families, single mothers, and children. Although, the welfare reform was documented for making several positive changes such as reducing poverty rates, lowering the out of-wedlock childbearing, and formulated a better family structure, it is undeniable that poverty remained high among single mothers and their childre n. The reality of the matter was that most welfare recipients experiencedRead MoreWelfare: A Hammock to a Trampoline Essay1658 Words   |  7 Pagesgoal of welfare is to help individuals afford the basic necessities of life, however, it has become apparent that throughout the generations people have become too comfortable and secure being on welfare and thus are not striving for self-sufficiency. As with all government run programs there is a budget for welfare services, and with more and more people applying for welfare and fewer returning to self-sufficiency there is simply not enough money to go around. Putting time limits on welfare is a hotRead MoreUnited States Government Welfare Essay1334 Words   |  6 Pages United States Government Welfare began in the 1930’s during the Great Depression. Franklin D. Roosevelt thought of this system as an aid for low-income families whose men were off to war, or injured while at war. The welfare system proved to be beneficial early on by giving families temporary aid, just enough to help them accommodate their family’s needs. Fast forward almost 90 years, and it has become apparent that this one once helpful system, has become flawed. Welfare itself and the ideologiesRead MoreDenmark : Globalization and the Welfare State Essay896 Words   |  4 PagesDENMARK : Globalization and the Welfare State Today Denmark is one of the most prosperous countries in the world. Unemployment rates are low. Denmark also has low inflation and a surplus on both balance of payments and public expenditure. The World Economic Forum’s 2008 competitiveness index ranks Denmark in its Top Three world-wide. And the World Transparency Index ranks it as the world champion in non-corruption. Furthermore it should be noted that other international comparisons nominate theRead MoreHow Welfare Has Changed From The Colonial Period862 Words   |  4 Pages It is important to discuss the history of the emergence of this social problem. I will discuss the essence of poverty as a social problem and how that has affected how welfare is distributed among single mothers. Some factors that contributed to this social problem are the economy and he increasing amount of people who lived in poverty. The government felt that it was necessary to be proactive about the growing issue of poverty. The government was also taking a look at how money was being spent

Recruitment Resources Free Essays

In this report I will compare the purposes of all different recruitment resources documents used in the selection and recruitment process for a given organisation Job Specification What the job involves This allows the candidate to fully understand what the job role involves before apply for the job. It allows candidates to figure out if they’re suitable for the requirements which the organisation is looking for, this can normally save time if the candidate believes the job role is not suitable for them. Job title This shows the candidate what title they will be under if they are successful with the recruitment selection process. We will write a custom essay sample on Recruitment Resources or any similar topic only for you Order Now Titles are normally the same title, privileges and area of business throughout all organisations; this can give the candidate an idea of where the role is based within the organisation. Department This is an important bit of information that is on the job description, this shows the candidate what type of area the role is based within in the business. Candidates normally have a preferred area of business which they want to enter within, candidates usually apply for specific departments when searching for vacancies, it allows candidates not to waste time for applying for roles in which departments they wish not to enter. Responsible To This explains to the candidates whom they will be responsible for, who will be their first point of contact if a problem occurs. It allows the candidate to understand where in the hierarchy they will be based within the organisation. Scope of the post This is what is expected from the candidate if they receive the job offer and accept the offer. It explains the most important aspects of the role for the candidate to understand if they feel up to the requirements. Education and qualifications Employers use this heading to explain to the candidates which qualifications they would prefer the candidate to have. The qualifications normally relate to the nature of the role which can impact the motivation of the candidate if they had received the role. Name of complier and approver This states who created the application for the candidate and who will be checking the application after it has been submitted to the organisation. Date of issue This can be useful for candidates to view when the vacancy role to see when the organisation had published the vacancy. It can show if the vacancy has been online for period of time, or is a brand new role being published. Person Specification Job Title and Reference Number and Management Responsibilities This information in the person specification is an important need to know information for the candidate to understand what they are applying for. Reference numbers are important to keep track of what job role you’re applying for since every role will have a different reference number, so you can always find your way back to the role. When talking to the organisation, they normally ask for the reference number to find the vacancy information for interviews etc. It’s also important to let the candidate understand what responsibilities they will adhere too, such as running a team, budget etc. Attainments and Qualifications This is the information which allows the candidate to understand if they are suitable for the role with the requirements that are set by the organisation. This is normally required for a known knowledgeable job which requires the candidate to fully understand the area of work. Organisations normally set a minimum level of qualifications, such as minimum C in Maths GCSE. General Intelligence This is placed within the person specification to notify what skills and knowledge the organisation would rather the candidate have, such as communication and people skills. The skills noted in the person specification usually relate to the nature of the job role. Temperament This is explained to the candidate in which type of temperament they would prefer from a candidate in the job role. These can normally include friendly, cool under pressure and patient. Customer Assistants need to ensure that their temperament is suitable for dealing with angry and needy customers. Location of Role This tells the candidate where the role is located within the organisations hierarchy. This is important for the candidate as they would want to understand if they are higher than another department, and if they are responsible for any other staff members. Hobbies and Interests Organisations normally state what type of person they would prefer to fill their job role, this normally allows candidates to understand if they are suitable or not before progressing through the recruitment process. Previous Experience Organisations ask this to ensure the candidate has previous experience in a possible related role. Some organisations normally require previous experience so full training is not required, however most organisations offer training to ensure that the candidate is fully aware of the companies procedures etc. Letter of Application The letter of application is paragraphs putting together the job description and the person specification to make out the best of the candidate in a simple sentence which really sells the candidate. The letter of application needs to ensure that it includes all the relevant information, skills and knowledge required for the specific job role. It should also include positive skills which can then sell the candidate and then the organisation can try match their vacancy requirements to the letter of application. If they fit well together, the recruitment selection process will begin the candidate. How to cite Recruitment Resources, Essay examples

Slavery Reparations Are Wrong Essays (1285 words) - Slavery, Racism

Slavery Reparations Are Wrong Slavery Reparations Are Wrong Ladies and gentlemen: I don't believe that anyone in this chamber would move to disagree with the idea that slavery was an atrocity, committed from the depths of the darkest parts of the human sole. Cruelty is the readiness to give pain to others or lack of concern for their suffering. Pertaining to exactly what the white man did to the black slaves. Slavery was not an institution of neither economical nor a paternalistic system. It was a brutal, inhumane abuse of mankind. Africans were seized from their native land, and sold into lives of servitude in a foreign land. Indeed, it was a tragedy on such a scale that cannot be measured nor quantified. And it is this very notion of tragedy, which speaks to the matter of reparations for slavery. To be quite blunt, reparations, even if they may be deserved, are not feasible under any system or economic tangent. Not only would such an undertaking not remedy the situation, but it would sink Africa and her people deeper into the cycle of pover ty and oppression that they have so struggled to free themselves from. While the arguments against reparations may seem shallow or self-serving to advocates of such a system, upon examination, the logistics of what to give, and whom to distribute it to, preclude any potential benefits of such a system of indemnity and requite. The point of the following critique is not to say that Africans were not mistreated, nor that they are not worthy of reparations, but that perhaps reparations are not an adequate solution to this situation, and certainly will only serve to worsen. Aside from any philosophical or idea-based arguments against reparations, there exist a number of logistical barriers to repaying blacks for their suffering. Immediate questions arise in the realm of distribution - it is intuitive that such reparations would be difficult to distribute, much less to decide how much, or where to place the funds or assistance. The questions are impossible to answer: who was the most oppressed? Which family or group of people received the cruelest treatment - should they get the most money or assistance? Such questions cannot be decided, nor is it fair to quantify or compare the suffering of different people - if we started to hand out assistance, some would invariably demand more than others. Some of African descent were never taken into slavery, nor were oppressed by whites - even if one believed they are deserved of reparations, it would be impossible for an international body to distinguish or properly disburse the requite among Africans of diverse b ackgrounds. Some Africans have indeed become wealthy within then white world and do not require assistance - yet it would be unfair to slight them their share - did they not also once suffer? It is equally impossible to prove whether or not someone actually was a slave, or how long they had been slaves; no records of such history were ever kept. Also worth of addressing is African involvement in slavery - it ought to be decided whether those Africans deserve reparations. Some historians agree that many early slave traders justified their actions because of African involvement in the trade itself - guns and technology bought these African kings from the Europeans. By this logic, even if they were forced to sell these slaves, they did indeed contribute to the effort -are the nations, which contain these former kingdoms today, deserved of repayment? Positively, it is unfeasible to say who did and who did not, as any logical observer would note. It is equally unworkable to decide whethe r or not they too were victims of the slave trade, the arguments either way would be morally irreparable - for are they responsible for the actions of their ancestors? In total, no governing body can be sure of neither who these reparations ought to be distributed to, nor what form they ought to take. One might argue that just general monetary grants should be given to African nations - but that leaves African Americans out of the process, who formerly suffered as Africans. While perhaps the ideas that Mazuri presents are perhaps worthy of

Book Review of The Pyramids of Egypt †History Paper

Book Review of The Pyramids of Egypt – History Paper Free Online Research Papers The Pyramids of Egypt, by I.E.S. Edwards, is a success as a serious and truthful work of history. One of its main purposes is to describe many of the pyramids in great detail and give either facts or opinions on why they were built the way they were. The first 7 chapters are all descriptive of different pyramids. The author also goes through a time line of the development of the techniques used to build the pyramids. One of the first pyramids to be described in detail is the Step Pyramid. All of the major pyramids were described as well as many I hadn’t heard of before. An interesting feature of Sahure’s pyramid was its elaborate drainage system for his temple. Lion’s heads projected from the tops of the outer walls, and the rain falling from the roof escaped through their heads. The final chapter was the most interesting to me, as it went into a discussion of what might have been the purpose for building pyramids and how they might have been constructed. I have always been told that we don’t know how the pyramids were built. After reading this book I have come to realize that this is a false statement in a sense. We don’t know exactly how the pyramids were built, but we do have enough knowledge to make educated guesses about how they might have been built. One of the main themes of this book is that a great deal can be learned about ancient Egypt by studying the pyramids. Many of Egypt’s rulers built pyramids for themselves and their pyramids are often filled with knowledge about them. The book states that Imhotep was the first king to use stone buildings rather than brick. It also says that later Egyptians regarded him as a magician, an astronomer, and the father of medicine. His knowledge of stone was used to build the step pyramids. The pyramids also give us our only knowledge of kings such as Sekhemkhet. The book also says that it is highly probably that under Zoser’s reign there was a big advance in the production of sculpture in the round. This was ascertained from the fact that only two royal statues dating from an earlier period were found, whereas many were found from Zoser’s period. Why the ancient Egyptian kings troubled themselves with building tombs of pyramid shape is another question the author tries to answer. The step pyramids were said to provide the king with a stairway to walk to heaven. The deceased king was said to have eaten three meals in the sky each day and two on earth. Why Egyptians moved to the true pyramid seems to stem from the symbol of the sun god at Heliopolis, which was conical in shape. A conical shaped building would have been impossible for the early Egyptians to produce, so they built the closest thing they could to it. The cone and its architectural form, the pyramid, represented the rays of the sun shining down on the earth. III. Utility of Importance of the Book The Pyramids of Egypt is an important book because of several reasons. It contributes to the understanding of a historical problem of some importance by trying to clear up the mystery concerning the pyramids. It gives reasons as to how they may have been built and for what purpose. The way pyramids were built has long been a mystery of history, and a very interesting subject to me personally. The book also contributes to the general education of the reader, giving facts about how many of the pyramids are laid out, how they were built, and the rulers that built them. It tells about how some of them were built one way and were then later added on to. One example of this was the pyramid at Meidum. This pyramid started as a step pyramid, however another layer of stone was added to make this pyramid a true pyramid. Zoser’s pyramid underwent many transformations in form as well. IV. Style The style of this book is good for what this book is. Whereas I usually find long highly detailed descriptions of objects I have never seen first hand difficult to understand, I was able to piece together most of what the author was talking about as far as the makeup of the pyramids. There were a few paragraphs I had to read slowly and more than once in order to understand them, but for the most part the style flowed pretty well and was easy to understand. V. Validity of the Book This book appears to be quite a valid source of history. A complete separate bibliography is given for each chapter, and includes a wide range of books. I feel that the facts that I.E.S. Edwards has presented to me are in agreement with those facts I already knew. There are not any real inconsistencies on the facts in the book. However different opinions are given from different sources about certain questions that the exact answers to are not known. In most cases Edwards gives other authors’ opinions as well as his own, which makes me believe that Edwards wrote this book without bias or prejudice. He quotes other authors quite frequently throughout the entire book. The only statements that weren’t clarified enough for me were those that the author quoted or stated what Herodotus had said or written. Herodotus as we know, was not always completely basing himself on fact, and the author didn’t always comment on whether what he was quoting from Herodotus wa s known to be completely true or not. Research Papers on Book Review of The Pyramids of Egypt - History PaperCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XBringing Democracy to AfricaHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayMind TravelEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoStandardized TestingTrailblazing by Eric Anderson

Let the Word Do the Work

Let the Word Do the Work Let the Word Do the Work Let the Word Do the Work By Maeve Maddox When language-mutilator Yogi Berra said that something was like deja vu all over again, everybody laughed. Lately I get the feeling that some people who say it dont know its a joke. Yogis belts and suspenders approach to words seems to be on the increase. Weve all seen ads that offer a free gift. Sometimes its an absolutely free gift. Its as if people dont trust a word to mean what it means. Some recent examples from the media include: adequate enough, a navy sailor, an army soldier, coupled together with, and the maroon-colored Jaguar. Sometimes explanatory constructions are necessary in certain contexts. One can refer to a Mafia soldier, for example, but if the context is the evening news about the Iraq war, a listener can be trusted to understand the word without tacking on army. Besides sounding foolish, the practice of bolstering a word with a a word that replicates its meaning weakens the expressiveness of the language. Here are some redundant combinations Ive heard or read lately in the media. The careful writer will avoid such nonsense. return back progress forward forests of trees other alternatives continue on evacuated out regress back penetrate through speeding too fast refinanced again a human person charred black a baby nursery reiterate again fast forward ahead socialize together two twin towers added bonus end result new innovation very unique Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:30 Religious Terms You Should KnowBetween vs. In Between5 Examples of Misplaced Modifiers

Psychology Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Psychology - Article Example Summarizing the data also involves the determination of significance of the results, which means that the data gathered from the investigation did not simply happen by chance. Significance also reflects the robustness of the data gathered from the research study. Summarizing the data also allows the researcher to find any patterns, trends and motifs that are commonly observed during a particular situation such as that investigated in the study. On the other hand, the process of confirming the data involves the validation of the hypotheses of the study. Based on the information gathered from the investigation, as well as the analysis performed for robustness and significance, it is possible to know whether the initial hypothesis should be accepted or refuted. Confirming data thus allows the researcher judge the information that was collected from the investigation. This process also provides a way for the investigator to determine whether the results are indeed credible, as evidenced by the statistical tests that were performed when the data was being summarized. The processes of summarizing and confirming the data are two separate steps generally employed in research investigations yet each is highly dependent on the other. It is thus important to perform both steps in sequence in order to attain a highly reliable research output. b. The Null Hypothesis Significance Testing allows the researcher to determine whether the results obtained from the investigation was truly based on the effects of the variables being studies. The most important component of a research investigation is the formulation of the hypotheses that would serve as the basis of the investigation. In most studies, a certain association or correlation is identified as a research topic of interest, such as that of the effect of a particular scenario that results in a specific response. The null hypothesis is regarded as a type of hypothesis that states that there is no association or correlation between two variables. On the other hand, the alternative hypothesis describes the opposite of the null hypothesis, wherein there is indeed a correlation or association between the two variables. In order to determine whether the null hypothesis should be accepted or rejected, it is thus important to test the data gathered from the investigation using statistical tests such as the t-test or the chi-square test. These tests allow the researcher to determine that the data gathered were not generated simply by chance. These tests allow the calculation for P values, which represent the significance of the results. A significant result would show a P value of at least 0.05, which shows that 95% of the time a certain pattern will be observed if the experiment is repeated using the same settings. For example, the administration of an anti-depressant drug is hypothesized to result in the alleviation of depression symptoms in a patient. The null hypothesis of this study would state that the administration of the drug would not result in the alleviation of the symptoms. The alternative hypothesis, on the other hand, would result in the alleviation of the symptoms. If the study populati on experienced a better condition after taking the drug, then a Type I error or rejection of the null hypot

How has voting become less valuable as we have expanded the suffrage Essay

How has voting become less valuable as we have expanded the suffrage of our citizens - Essay Example 14th Amendment was passed in 1868 declaring all those who reside in US or being born in US as citizens of US. 15th Amendment was passed in 1870 against any kind of discrimination such as color, race or ancestral status. 17th Amendment was passed for direct elections of senators of US. 19th Amendment was passed in 1920 against discrimination on the basis of gender and 26th Amendment was passed in 1971 against discrimination on the basis of age above eighteen years. All the passed and stated amendments prove that enough suffrage has been provided to the nationals of US but with expansion of suffrage, people have shown less interest towards voting. People do not vote because they feel no change in their day-to-day lives as to whatever happens in politics. They consider their participation as invalid and valueless. People fought for their rights to vote to see some transformation in their lives that is beneficial for them. When they saw no change, their interest in voting got lessened in spite of the suffrage. Expanded suffrage has only informed people about their rights but in actuality, no practical rights were given as people are deprived of their rights due to which, they consider voting less valuable. People also try to avoid politics and remain busy in their own activities due to which, they show lacking interest towards

Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Drugs

Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Drugs Characteristics and risk factors of Cardiovascular Drugs induced Adverse Drug Reactions: Hospital based Active Surveillance Study. Abstract: Background: Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) is one of the major drug-related problems in hospitalized patients. Several studies report the incidence various from 10 50% of all hospital admissions due to ADRs and no recent data available on the safety of cardiovascular drug from India. Aim: This study aims 1). To estimate incidence and characteristics of ADRs due to cardiovascular drugs in patients admitted in cardiology unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital. 2) To identify the risk factors for ADRs in hospitalized patients treated with cardiovascular drugs. Methods: A prospective active surveillance study was carried out in the cardiology department of a south Indian tertiary care teaching hospital for eight months. Population averaged Poisson regression [Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE)] models was used to estimate the adjusted relative risk associated with ADR. Results: The overall incidence of cardiovascular drug induced ADRs was 31.8%. A total of 757 patients treated cardiovascular medications. Of which 241 patients (31.8%) including 122 (16.1%) females and 119 (15.7%) males reported at least one ADR. Aspirin produced the highest number of ADRs (150; 38.7%) followed by Heparin (45; 11.6%), Atorvastatin (24; 6.2%) and Ramipril (24; 6.2%). The causality assessment reveals that 85.3% of ADRs were probable in nature. GEE was used to estimate the adjusted relative risk of each covariate associated with ADRs. The predictors of ADRs identified were: female gender, age > 60 years, multiple drug therapy (p= 0.0231) and concurrent diseases like diabetes, drugs like Heparin (RR-2.90, 95% CI 2.22-3.8) and Enalapril (RR-1.95, 95% CI 1.34-2.83). Conclusion: The incidence of cardiovascular ADRs was 31.8%. The most common drugs causing ADRs were the anti- platelet and anticoagulant class of drugs. Female gender, age > 60 years, multiple drug therapy, concurrent illness and certain drugs like heparin were identified as potential predictors for adverse reactions. Keywords: adverse drug reactions, hospitalized patients, cardiovascular drugs, pharmacovigilance, Risk factors Key Messages: This study reports the risk factors for adverse reactions to cardiovascular drugs from an Indian clinical setting. The incidence of cardiovascular drugs induced ADRs was 31.8%, which is higher than many reported studies. Anti-platelet and anticoagulant drugs were commonly associated with ADRs in the study population. Introduction: Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) is one of the major drug-related problems in hospitalized patients. ADRs are one of the major drug-related problems, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality and healthcare costs.[1-3]The WHO defines an ADR as a response to a drug that is noxious and unintended and occurs at doses normally used in man for the prophylaxis, diagnosis or therapy of disease, or for modification of physiological function.[4] The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has increased in recent years and it has been estimated that CVDs are the most common cause of death.[5] Reports on drug related problems including adverse drug reactions associated with cardiovascular pharmacotherapy are available.[6-10]Studies report that cardiovascular drugs may account for 10 to 50% of all hospital admissions due to ADRs.[11-13] There are reports of serious adverse drug events with cardiovascular drugs.[14]Continuous monitoring of ADRs are important in patients treated with cardiovascular drugs since, these patients who need multiple drug therapies to treat their comorbid conditions and other related risks[15] Various methods are used to detect ADRs in hospitalized patients.[16] Analyzing the adverse reaction data in relation to the presence of risk factors provide the link between the ADRs and the associated factors. Such analysis might help to identify patients who are at increased risk for the adverse reaction and therefore employing suitable monitoring and the preventive procedure is possible.[17] Reports are available on the risk factors for adverse reactions.[18-20] Studies have shown that the cardiovascular drugs are most common cause of ADRs.[6,21]A university hospital-based studies report 49 % ADRs are due to commonly used cardiovascular drugs (nitrates, digoxin, propranolol, heparin, warfarin, anti-hypertensive and anti-arrhythmic drugs)[22] A number of studies are available on the adverse effects of cardiovascular drugs. In the Indian context data on adverse effects of the cardiovascular drugs is not available. Therefore, the current study was planned to evaluate ADRs due to cardiovascular drugs in hospitalized patients. This study aims 1). To estimate incidence and characteristics of ADRs due to cardiovascular drugs in patients admitted in cardiology unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital. 2) To identify the risk factors for ADRs in hospitalized patients treated with cardiovascular drugs. Subjects and Methods: A prospective active surveillance study was carried out in the department of cardiology of a tertiary care teaching hospital for eight months (Feb to Sep 2009). The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the institutional ethical committee. All patients admitted to the cardiovascular units were monitored and evaluated for cardiovascular drugs induced adverse reactions. Patients who were previously treated or newly prescribed with cardiovascular drugs were monitored and followed for detecting and recording of ADRs. Adverse drug reactions were identified by conducting a daily patient charts review, patient interview, and consultations with treating physicians. In the suspected cases, past medical/medication history of patients were collected. In addition to patients medication history, information on co-morbidities was also collected. We used the WHO criteria for defining ADRs.[4] For every identified patient with ADR, two patients without ADRs were enrolled as matched controls. The information pertaining to the suspected ADRs was collected and documented in a specially designed ADR computerized documentation database for further assessment.[23] An ADR alert card was distributed to those patients who experienced severe adverse reactions to prevent further re-exposure of the suspected drug. All ADRs were reviewed and assessed by the research team. The documented ADRs were evaluated and characterized respect to patient demographics, nature of the reactions, drugs and organ system involved and outcome of the reactions. Using standard approach, the Causality, severity, preventability and the presences of predisposing factors of the reactions were assessed and reported. Patients age and sex were considered for the analysis. ADRs were classified as either Type A or Type B according to the system introduced by Rawlins and Thompson.[24] The suspected drugs were classified according to Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification based on WHO-ATC Index 2009.[25]Using WHO Adverse Reaction Terminology documented ADRs were further classified into various organ system classes.[26] Management strategies employed for the ADRs were categorized as drug withdrawal, dose reduction, additional treatment for ADR and no change in a regimen without any additional treatment. Patient outcomes were reported as fatal, fully recovered, recovering and unknown. The causality of suspected ADRs was assessed using Naranjos ADR probability scale and classified into certain, probable, possible and unlikely to be drug induced depending upon the level of association.[27] The preventability of ADRs was analyzed and categorized into definitely preventable, probably preventable and not preventable using the modified criteria of Schumock and Thornton by Lau et al.[28]Using the criterion developed by Hartwig et al., for severity assessment, we assessed the suspected ADRs and classified into mild, moderate and severe reactions.[29] The onset of ADRs was assessed and classified into sub-acute, latent and acute groups.[4] Predisposing/risk factors Many patient-related factors predispose the occurrence of ADRs. The patient related factors like age, gender, multiple and inter-current disease states, and polypharmacy are considered as significant risk factor for developing ADR.[30] Patients age was categorized into 6 groups (less than 20 years, 21-30 years, 31-40 years, 41-50 years, 51-60 years, more than 60 years). Polypharmacy was categorized as minor (2-3 drugs), moderate (4-5 drugs) or major (5 drugs) based on the classification by Veehof et al.[31] Gender of the patient was also considered as a one of the predispose factor for the development of ADRs. Multiple disease state ( > 2 coded diseases) of the patient at the time of reaction also include in the analysis. The overall incidence of ADRs was calculated using the total number of in-patient episodes which resulted in ADRs in relation to the total number of in-patients followed during the study period. The length of hospital stay for each patient was collected from Hospital Patient Administrative System (HPAS) and used to compare the Length of Stay (LOS) between patients with and without ADRs. Additional hospital stay due to ADRs was assessed using the nature and clinical features of ADRs, discussion with treating medical staffs and assessment of patients medical records. Statistical analysis Descriptive statistics was used summarize the patient demographic and clinical characteristics like gender, diagnosis, a number of drug dispensed, the frequency of ADR, drugs involved, organ system involved and severity of ADRs. Mean with 95% confidence interval was used to summarize age and LOS. Chi-square test was used to find the association between age group, gender, the LOS with and without ADRs. Relative risk was used to measure the strength of association. The data were hierarchically arranged, to count the multiple ADR episodes which can occur with multiple admissions. Population averaged Poisson regression (GEE) was used to estimate the adjusted relative risk of each covariate associated with ADR.[32,33] Further compound symmetry was used to account for the within-subject correlation. All analysis was performed using SPSS for window 15 (SPSS Inc., South Asia, Bangalore). The significance level was set at P Results: A total of 757 patients (431 men and 326 women) using cardiovascular medications were intensively monitored. The mean age of the study population was 57.21  ± 14.22 years (18 -92 years). The average length of hospital stay was 10.6  ± 5.8 days. Overall, the incidence of ADRs was 31.84%. Two hundred and fourteen patients including 122 females and 119 males reported at least one ADR. Maximum of six ADRs were reported from one patient. Compared to males, females developed more of ADRs was observed more in females when (p 0.0001). The length of stay was increased due to ADR for a minimum of 3 days and a maximum of 28 days. The frequency of different age groups in patients with and without ADRs is presented in table-1. The main diagnosis of the study population is listed in table-1. Age group of less than 20 years is excluded because of lower sample size. Age group of more than 60 years had more ADRs compared to other age groups. Cardiovascular risk factors of a patient with and without ADR are shown in table-2. The most frequent system-organ class affected by ADRs was Platelet, bleeding clotting disorders (188, 48.89%), followed by metabolic and nutritional disorders (53, 13.66%) and gastrointestinal system disorders (50, 12.89%) (Table-3). The most common strategy for management of ADRs was drug withdrawal (94.3%) and dose alteration (5.4%) (Table-4). The mean length of hospital stay was 13.3 and 6.5 days for patients with and without ADR respectively. The length of stay was found to be longer in patients with ADR. Aspirin produced the highest number of reactions (150; 38.7%) followed by heparin (45; 11.6%), Atorvastatin (24; 6.2%) and Ramipril (24; 6.2%) (Table -3) with Platelet, bleeding clotting disorders (188, 48.89%). The most frequently reported reaction was bleeding (186; 47.9%) followed by gastric ulcer (52, 13.4%) (Table-3). The causality assessment of ADRs revealed that 85.31% of ADRs were classified as probable, followed by 7.99% as definite and 6.7% as possible. 64.4 % patients recovered from the ADRs and 35.6 % were recovering at the time of discharge (Table-4). The GEE analysis shows that the female, alcoholics, smokers and patients those taking more than 7 drugs had a higher risk for developing an ADR. (Table-2). Statistical analyses also revealed that patient taking Heparin (RR 2.90, 95% CI 2.22-3.80, Enalapril (RR 1.95, 95% CI 1.34-2.83), warfarin (RR 1.69, 95% CI 1.33-2.54) had a significantly increased probability of developing of ADRs (Table-5). Discussion: ADRs can significantly increase patients mortality or morbidity and consequently higher healthcare expenditure.[34] The study findings reveal that developing an ADRs in hospitalized patients substantially contribute to patients morbidity, further increasing the disease burden and cost of managing ADRs. The incidence of ADRs (31.8%) found in this study was twice higher than a previously reported systematic review of international studies (15.1%).[2] The present study showed that females experienced a higher incidence of ADRs (9.87%) when compared to males (7.23%) which are similar to the findings of previously published studies.[1,35-37]Several reasons have been put forth for this observed difference. Men and women have a different pharmacodynamic response to various drugs; which may consider as one of the factors for women to develop more number of ADRs. But in a study reported by Jose., on comparable Indian population male patients were found to have more ADRs than female population .[38] The incidence of ADRs was higher in the elderly patients (31.19%; age > 60 Years) compare to other age groups. (à Ã¢â‚¬ ¡2= 23.03, df-5, p 0.0001); this finding is similar to the results of Mohebbi et al.[19] Studies have shown that the incidence of ADRs may increase with increasing age. Again, due to multiple comorbid conditions and receive multiple drug therapy the elderly patients tend to have a higher risk for developing an ADR. In addition, older individuals undergo changes in drug responsiveness and disposition.[39] It appears that elderly patients need more attention to prevent the occurrence of ADRs. In this study, the incidence of Aspirin-induced ADRs was 38.7% (n=150); which was the highest rate compared to other cardiovascular drugs in this study. However, High rates of ADRs with streptokinase have been reported previously.[40]Studies reported a rate of amiodarone-induced ADRs as 16%, whereas in the current study it was too low at 0.5%.[41] This might be due to the lower use of amiodarone in the current study subjects. In a study conducted by Wiffen et al., investigating ADRs induced by all groups of drugs, warfarin was among the top three drugs causing ADRs.[42] In our study, the rate of ADRs attributed to warfarin was just 3.6%, whereas heparin-induced bleeding was the second highest ADR in this study population (45, 11.6%). In this study, we found central nervous and gastrointestinal systems are the most frequently affected organ system classes by ADRs. These findings were similar to the findings of a study conducted in Iran.[13]The incidence of preventable ADRs in this study (6.9%) is comparably lower than those detected in other studies.[34]This might be probably due to intensive monitoring of CCU patients in our study. The rate of serious ADRs (22.2%) detected in this study tend to be higher than other studies.[14] Population averaged Poisson regression (GEE) model showed that factors like gender and age of more than 60 years, multiple drug therapy and the presence of co-morbidity were risk factors for experiencing ADRs. The average duration of drug usage was found to be longer in patients without ADR. It appears that most of the ADRs have been noted shortly after initiating cardiovascular drugs and the incidence of ADRs in this study population was not related to the duration of usage. Similar to findings of many other studies, increasing the number of drugs led to increased frequency of ADRs. Conclusion The finding of this study indicates that cardiovascular drugs cause serious and frequent adverse reactions. The incidence of cardiovascular ADRs was 31.84%. The most common drugs causing ADRs were the anti-platelet and anticoagulant class of drugs. Female gender, age more than 60 years and use of more than 7 drugs was found to be the risk factors for developing ADRs. The identified incidence was higher than many reported studies. The current study identified the common ADRs and their predictors. Patients with identified predictors for adverse drug reactions can be intensively monitored and necessary preventive measures can be initiated if signs of reactions are observed.

Chilean Copper Mine Collapse Essay

This paper will discuss in how important it’s to know your audience. When having to communicate a disaster like the Chilean copper mine that occur in South America it’s one example of where knowing your audience was a very important issue. This disaster in the Chilean copper mine, a disastrous downfall in one of the shafts of the mine has left 33 miners trapped 310 meters below the ground. The outcomes of the company and their reaction to the disaster would eventually define how the world, their audience, would see them. It turns out to be very crucial that the spokesperson of the company who issues updates and information to the public is careful and sensitive to the families. The audience the company would be reporting to would be made up of the news correspondence, the victim’s families, and the media. Not only would the company spokesperson have to keep the reputation and point of view of the mining company in one piece, they would have to issue specific and straightforward information that would not always be in the greatest interest of the company’s position. All though in the beginning the company may not have a great extent of information, it’s necessary for them to inform the families with as much information as soon as possible. This would consist of any information as to what is taking place in the mine while the miners are still trapped. When communicating we need to have some emotion and sympathy than just  the facts of what is going on inside the mine. With all the families wanting to be inform that everything is okay and everyone is doing his or her best to get the situation under control. When speaking to any type of media they are concerned only about the facts. They do not care about emotions or sympathy of the friends or families. If there are no facts to give to the media than nothing should be assumed to those until there are facts to share. The collapse would not only have emotional impact on the 33 miners trapped underground, the family members of those miners would be distressed as well. The family members of those 33 men would have to wait in suffering before they would receive word of their family member’s fate. When a disaster of this extent occurs, the company has the obligation to keep the family members well-informed every step of the rescue progression, above the news bulletin and media. Furthermore informing the families right away in regards to what’s being done to rescue the miners is very important. For instance the families should be inform that while the miners remain in the trapped mines the government is taking steps from getting doses of anti-depressants for the men. Also they’re sending down fresh clothes and games to help keep them physically and mentally fit. In addition the families need to know that the government and rescue team is guiding the miners to a secure area. The secure area is where they can establish various places one for resting and sleeping. The families of the miners need to be informed that the rescue team is doing everything possible to keep the miners in good spirits. Also asking the families to get involve by writing positive encouraging letters for their love ones it’s encouraged. When communicating to the families that the government has contacted NASA to help with the rescue it will give them a little piece of mind. Let them know the rescue team will be able to utilize all the new technology of NASA‘s and their resources to rescue the miners. NASA who has sent people to the moon and outer space has many tools and resources for a situation like this. Therefore the most appropriate channel to communicate with the media, families in a situation like this one of the trapped miners is face to face. The reason to announce the incident face to face is because it shows your compassion, truthfulness and braveness. I would say for the employees of the company I would use email and face to face. The email would be sent out first to the employees followed up with a face to face is case they had any questions or concerns. In conclusion it’s important to remember that timeliness is of the utmost importance when dealing with situations of this magnitude. When taking families into consideration, the company must deliver the information of the mine collapse with an extreme level of discretion, clarity, and encouragement and compassion. References http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.apollolibray.com http://www.msnbc.com.world_news-americas/t/trapped-chilean-mines

The School s Grading System - 1479 Words

Since 1983, grades have been steadily rising which might seem like a good improvement, but instead, it has been negatively impacting students’ education and the world around them, leaving people to question the school’s grading system. According to Vikram Mansharamani and Peter Jacobs, one of the main reasons for grade inflation was that during the Vietnam War, students were given â€Å"higher grades to ensure that students wouldn’t fail out or be drafted†. Although this may be true, even after the Vietnam War, grades were above average. In the early 2000s, Wellesley College and Princeton both tried to combat the inflation and got two different results. Despite Wellesley’s â€Å"average GPA falling from 3.55 to 2.28, it’s been slowly drifting back†¦show more content†¦One simple error from them and I could be dead or in a coma forever. Or in the instance of a surgeon, if they didn’t put in enough hours in the skill lab, or ve ry minimal, and didn’t even master their techniques, I wouldn’t allow them to perform on me. In this sense, if students graduate without the necessary skills and knowledge that they should have learned, they can ultimately begin to destroy the population. With the inflation of grades, their value drops to the point where some people suggest not even using grades. Mark Oppenheimer suggests in his article, There’s nothing wrong with grade inflation, that instead of grades, the professors essentially write feedback and tell the students what they did correctly and what they need to improve on. If we think of grade inflation as currency, we can easily see how it would lose its value. As grades lose their value, professors lose their credibility. They are hired for the sole purpose of educating their students, not to give them good grades. Although passing their students is one of the main goals as an educator, they should ensure that their students are learning the material and not taking the easy route out. Professor Rebecca Schuman exclaimed that â€Å"as a professor, there is little worse than spending an entire semester attempting to connectShow MoreRelatedGrading System807 Words   |  4 PagesThe grading system of UH is a problem. For sure, students care about the grades. Some of them worried about it if they didn t make A in classes. Some of them afraid of failing the courses. Parents want their kids to make good grades, also. The grading system of UH make the students working hard if they want to get good grades. Grading system is a problem, to solve this problem we should vote for it. Let the student and parents tell the school whether they want to change it or not. At UH, weRead MoreHigh Family s University Grading System975 Words   |  4 Pagesand commitment is insufficient to do well in school. At times students cannot keep up with the standard expectations of education particularly with grades. Grading point averages and grades decides the eventual fate of a student. Education is based upon a positioning arrangement of lettering evaluations that as far as anyone knows shows on the off chance that you are learning and precisely the amount you are learning. Holy Family’s university grading system is unfair and it plays a negative role inRead MoreHow Does The Grading System And Learning Go Together? What Makes Learning Something Gradable?917 Words   |  4 Pages　　How does the grading system and learning go together? What makes learning something gradable? How can the grading system base a child s knowledge off of a test alone? These questions and more have popped up in educators minds for years. These are the thought that have had people like Liz Mandrell, Jerry Farber and Steven Vogel rectify the grading system in their own views. Many of these authors give valid reason for understanding why student are affected by the grading system the way they areRead MoreStandard Based Grading And Academic Achievement Among Students With Individual Education Plan1700 Words   |  7 PagesStandard Based Grading and Academic Achievement among students with Individual Education Plans Nesha Sanders University of the Cumberlands Chapter One: Introduction This study will describe how standard based grading can affect academic achievement in students that have an Individual Education Plan (IEP). Standards-based grading measures as student’s proficiency based on their ability to perform a skill set forth by a state standard. When standards-based grading is implemented studentsRead MoreHow The School Is Through A Letter Grading System1270 Words   |  6 Pageswith grades? Soon they are off to school. School comes along with lots of new experiences, some good, others bad. Among those things there are a few that are arguably unneeded. Grades are slowly making their way to the top of the list. The way we currently measure success in school is through a letter grading system. A is great, B not so much, C and D unacceptable, and F? Forget about it! (Ellis) This is the way we have been grading middle and elementary schools since the late nineteenth centuryRead MoreStandardized Testing And A Grading System1629 Words   |  7 PagesAs a student I never really thought much about the grading system used by our public education system. As long as I passed I really did not care too much unless my parents put pressure on me to do better. I was an indifferent student who was fairly smart and did the minimum to get by. But that was then and this is now. Going into the field of education has opened my eyes to the competitive world in which modern day students are pressured to succeed. At the heart of this is the push for Common CoreRead MoreEducation : The Past, The Present And Future1184 Words   |  5 Pagespowerful weapon which you can use to change the world.† - Nelson Mandela. Without education, there is simply no telling of what this world would be like. There wouldn’t be doctors, lawyers, businesses etc. Life and everything around us would be fatuous. Schools and education give us a plan in life and help guide us. Throughout the years education has changed tremendously. It had its improvements throughout the decades, and it also has had its falters as well. Education in America is an issue in this countryRead More Dissecting Education Essay971 Words   |  4 Pageswe are standing in front of our class and parents accepting a high school diploma. That is thirteen years right there. Then, if we really want to amp;#8220;succeed; we have to get through another 4 to 6 years of college. That is almost 20 years total in school . Are those 20 years well spent? Are we all satisfied with the education we received? The answer is amp;#8220;no.; It is apparent that todayamp;#8217;s education system in the United States is not satisfying the needs of all people. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;OneRead MoreEducation And Society And The American Dream1449 Words   |  6 PagesEducation can be defined as the process of receiving or giving systematic instruction, especially at a school or University. For many education is seen as an enlightening experience and one they can grow from. For others it is seen as a necessity or something they are obligated to have. It can be seen as It has always been stated that a nation’s brilliance and ability to prosper is directly dependent upon its people’s educations. Without someone continuing to open one’s mind and allowing oneselfRead MoreGrade Inflation Writing Assignment : Educational Performance Essay1045 Words   |  5 PagesSamuel Elenwo PSY 2113 Prof. McKinzie Grade Inflation Writing Assignment Educational Performance in high school and beyond in America are measured numerically. This idea is predicated on the idea the higher grades are a result of better performances by the student. According to former duke professor Christopher Healy and Stuart Rojstaczer, collegiate students are starting to obtain higher grades than in previous years. Many see this as a fortuitous sign of the great generation to come from American

The Contribution Of Karl Marx Essay - 1337 Words

This essay considers the contribution of Karl Marx to the study of sociology, throughout this essay I will be discussing what Marxism is, how Marxism has affected today’s society as well as academics that did not agree with Marx’s theories. Marxism is the social and economic system based on the theories of Karl Marx and Freidrich Engels. Karl Marx was born in Trier, Germany in 1818, Marx studied law and Berlin University but later changed to philosophy until finally perusing his interest in journalism. When Marx finished his studies he began writing for a left-winged newspaper, the Rhensig Gazette (Rheinishe Zeitung) where they would publish his articles almost every week. Marx soon became the editor in 1942 however the newspaper closed soon after due to new censorship laws in Germany. In 1983 Marx and his wife Jenny moved to Paris where Marx thought he would be able to express himself more freely without the fear of being judged or censored, like he was back in Germany. However, this was not the case as he ended up in London due to being chased out of several countries due to people thinking he was a dangerous man due to his political views and writings Marx met his lifetime best friend in Germany, Freidrich Engels, who would soon go on to assist Marx with his writings. They would both soon become increasingly influ ential with sociologists. â€Å"Marx’s impact can only be compared with that of religious figures like Jesus or Muhammad† (1). Marxism was discovered after theShow MoreRelatedThe Contribution to Economics of Each of the Following: †¢ Adam Smith †¢ Thomas Malthus †¢ David Ricardo †¢ Karl Marx †¢ Alfred Marshall †¢ John Maynard Keynes †¢ Milton Friedman2179 Words   |  9 PagesWrite an essay describing the contribution to economics of each of the following: †¢ Adam Smith †¢ Thomas Malthus †¢ David Ricardo †¢ Karl Marx †¢ Alfred Marshall †¢ John Maynard Keynes †¢ Milton Friedman â€Å"Many Economists have tried to establish why the economy performs as it does and want to have a basis for predicting how the economy will perform when circumstances change†. (Nagel, S pg 1 1999) Economists are just people after all, who have lived through different times and experiences in theirRead MoreKarl Marx And Max Weber1324 Words   |  6 PagesKarl Marx and Max Weber were influential sociologists that paved the way for modern sociological school of thought. Both, Karl Marx and Max Weber contributed a lot to the study and foundation of sociology. Without their contributions sociology would not be as prominent as it is today. From the contribution of how sociology should be studied, to how they applied their theories to everyday life has influenced many sociologists. Predominantly, both of these theorists’ discussed the effects of capitalismRead MoreKarl Marx and Communism Essay1184 Words   |  5 PagesKarl Marx and Communism Were Karl Marx ideas on communism moral? It is quite obvious that some societies do or did believe that communism was a good way of life. Even though there are many drawbacks to communism there are still some advantages. Karl Marx is a man of intrigue he only did what he wanted to and not what others wanted him to do. Upon completion of my research I feel that Marx was a very bright man. His ideas may not be all together but a man that can introduce communism to theRead MoreExpository Essay on Left of Karl Marx896 Words   |  4 Pageshighly associated with philosophies of Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin. She is remembered for her political contribution to the Caribbean community in Britain. Claudia Jones is depicted as a communist and a feminist in all the metaphors that she is prone to using. In her works, Claudia Jones is inclined to metaphors and theories of prominent theorist Karl Marx. She greatly utilizes the Marx’s theories and ideologies such that, she is referred to as the ‘left of Karl Marx’. Some of the activities thatRead MoreAdam Smith And Karl Marx1055 Words   |  5 PagesDerek Ding Economy Ms. Walsh Period D Adam Smith and Karl Marx Adam Smith and Karl Marx are famous for their influential and prominent theories about economics. Two difference thoughts indeed are contributions that can change the world. In Adam Smith s â€Å"Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations†, he introduced an idea where producers work in ways they want and get paid by how much work they put in. In other words, they can set up prizes that they thinkRead MoreEssay Biography of Karl Marx1084 Words   |  5 PagesBiography of Karl Marx Karl Heinrich Marx was a German philosopher, social scientist, and revolutionist whose writings formed the beginning of the basic ideas known as Marxism. Although he was largely disregarded by scholars in his own lifetime, his social, economic and political ideas gained rapid acceptance in the socialist movement after his death. With the help of Friedrich Engels, Karl Marx created much of the theory of socialism and communism that we know today. Karl Marx was born inRead MoreKarl Marx And The German Political System1427 Words   |  6 PagesKarl Marx was born on May 5th 1818 in Trier, Germany, which was then known as the Kingdom of Prussia. Karl was a philosopher, economist, sociologist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. His work in economics laid the basis for much of the current understanding of labor and it’s relation to capital, and subsequent economic thought. He was born into a wealthy upper middle-class family. He attended school at the University of Bonn and later he studied law and philosophy at the University of BerlinRead MoreKarl Marx And The Great Philosopher Essay988 Words   |  4 PagesKarl Marx was born in Trier, Prussia in 1818 to a Jewish family, but despite his baptism at age 6, he later became an atheist. Marx attended University of Bonn, but due to his imprisonment for drunkenness and variances with another student, he was enrolled in the University of Berlin by his parents. Marx earned his degree in philosophy and began writing for Rheinische Zeitung, a liberal democratic newspaper. He later became their editor. Marx was a member of Young Hegelian movement which was groupRead MoreVisions Of Reforms And Reformation1488 Words   |  6 Pagesprogress occur? (c) Where is progress headed? Mary Wollstonecraft and Karl Marx both viewed progress as overcoming an reclaiming a true sense of humanity, but defined that humanity, the means of achieving that humanity, and their general worldview in different ways. Wollstonecraft sought progress by reforming private life virtues through voluntary education and action. She wanted to change the hearts and minds of the people, while Marx sought progress through direct means -- political upheaval and reformationRead MoreCulture, Socialization, And The Family923 Words   |  4 Pagesseen many great and wonderful sociologist who were excellent however, three of them where close to the perfection: Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max weber. First of all, talking about one of the greatest German sociologist who was Karl Marx, he was such a great philosopher, economist, and sociologist. I choose Marx because he was dealing with concrete reality of everyday life. Karl Marx was fighting for poor people and for more justice in our society. Even he was persecuted by the government at that